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1.
Front Oncol ; 10: 597601, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1146969

ABSTRACT

Treatment paradigm of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is by no mean the most remarkable story of cancer therapy. Recently, the advent of oral arsenic formulations (oral-arsenic trioxide and Realgar-Indigo Naturalis formula (RIF)) based regimens may provide a therapeutic advance by curing APL with two oral agents. Indeed, the oral RIF plus all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) without chemotherapy display highly efficacy in patients with APL. The safety profile of RIF plus ATRA make possible to treat APL patients in a home-based manner during postremission therapy. To our knowledge, RIF was the first commercially available oral arsenic agent approved in China. The RIF plus ATRA regimens are becoming a preferred frontline care for APL in China. In this review, we will discuss the history, current evidences and challengers of RIF-based strategies in APL. More and more APL patients may enjoy a cure with a normal quality-of-life after induction in the near future.

2.
Chin Med ; 15(1): 128, 2020 Dec 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-992510

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Infections induced by influenza viruses, as well as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic induced by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to acute lung injury (ALI) and multi organ failure, during which traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) played an important role in treatment of the pandemic. The study aimed to investigate the effect of Indigo Naturalis on ALI induced by influenza A virus (IAV) in mice. METHOD: The anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory properties of aqueous extract of Indigo Naturalis (INAE) were evaluated in vitro. BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally with IAV (H1N1) were treated intragastrically with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg/day) 2 h later for 4 or 7 days. Animal lifespan and mortality were recorded. Expression of high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB-1) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were evaluated through immunohistological staining. Inflammatory cytokines were also monitored by ELISA. RESULT: INAE inhibited virus replication on Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and decreased nitric oxide (NO) production from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated peritoneal macrophages in vitro. The results showed that oral administration of 160 mg/kg of INAE significantly improved the lifespan (P < 0.01) and survival rate of IAV infected mice, improved lung injury and lowered viral replication in lung tissue (P < 0.01). Treatment with INAE (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) significantly increased liver weight and liver index (P < 0.05), as well as weight and organ index of thymus and spleen at 160 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were reduced by INAE administration (P < 0.05). The expression of HMGB-1 and TLR4 in lung tissue were also suppressed. The increased production of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and methylene dioxyamphetamine (MDA) in lung tissue were inhibited by INAE treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with INAE reduced the high levels of interferon α (IFN-α), interferon ß (IFN-ß), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor (RANTES), interferon induced protein-10 (IP-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05), with increased production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results showed that INAE alleviated IAV induced ALI in mice. The mechanisms of INAE were associated with its anti-influenza, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties. Indigo Naturalis might have clinical potential to treat ALI induced by IAV.

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